Quantum Causal Model

A **Quantum Causal Model (QCM)** generalizes classical causal models (like Bayesian networks) to describe cause–effect relationships between quantum systems. Instead of using probabilities over classical variables, it uses **quantum states and quantum operations** to represent how interventions and influences propagate. This framework captures both **quantum correlations** (like entanglement) and **causal structure**, distinguishing true causation from mere quantum correlation.