Rotation Operator

In quantum computing, a rotation operator is a unitary matrix that rotates a qubit’s state vector on the Bloch sphere by a specific angle around a chosen axis (X, Y, or Z). These are denoted ( R_x(\theta) ), ( R_y(\theta) ), and ( R_z(\theta) ), where ( \theta ) is the rotation angle. They generalize Pauli gates and are fundamental for creating arbitrary single-qubit operations.