Single Qubit Gate

A **single-qubit gate** is a quantum operation that changes the state of one qubit by rotating its position on the Bloch sphere. Mathematically, it’s represented by a 2×2 unitary matrix that preserves quantum probabilities. Examples include the **Pauli gates (X, Y, Z)** and the **Hadamard gate (H)**, which create superpositions or flip quantum states.