Trotter Suzuki Decomposition

The Trotter–Suzuki decomposition approximates the exponential of a sum of non-commuting operators—like a quantum Hamiltonian—by breaking it into a product of exponentials of the individual terms. This allows simulation of complex quantum evolutions using simpler, implementable operations. The approximation becomes exact in the limit of infinitesimally small time steps, with higher-order Suzuki formulas improving accuracy at the cost of more operations.