Think quantum machine learning is the next big thing? Fortunately, it isn't. Like rocket science, it's chaotic, uncertain, and only the brave will venture into this scientific adventure.
by Frank ZickertAugust 21, 2025
Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. is often hailed as the rocket science of the century. It combines the exotic capabilities of Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with the problem-solving power of Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. .
The pitch is intoxicating. Classical Artificial Intelligence is the field of creating systems that perform tasks requiring human-like reasoning, learning, or decision-making. already impresses us with its achievements in creating text, images, and videos. Now imagine how quantum-accelerated intelligence will catapult us into a future of unlimited possibilities. Or into a dystopian peril.
Beyond the hype
How to tell truth from lies
To distinguish truth from lies, you have to look at the reasoning behind why we should use quantum machine learning to solve the problem underlying the claim. This article shows you how to do that.
Figure 1. Which future will it be?
But behind the headlines, Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. quickly becomes opaque. What does it actually mean? Does this fusion mean that we can simply integrate quantum hardware into existing Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. pipelines, just as one would replace a CPU with a GPU or an even faster chip? What are these exotic capabilities? And is Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. a single algorithm, a library of models, or an entire way of thinking about computation?
We are faced with uncertainty. The term Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. sounds promising. But if we don't examine what that actually means, the words run the risk of being nothing more than the art of dazzling fireworks instead of the science of launching a real rocket.
When most people hear the term Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. for the first time, one image immediately comes to mind: A quantum neural network is a computational model that combines quantum computing principles with neural network structures to process information and learn patterns.. Take a An artificial neural network is a computational model of interconnected nodes inspired by biological neurons, used to approximate functions and recognize patterns., add a shiny Q in front of it, and voilà: the Artificial Intelligence is the field of creating systems that perform tasks requiring human-like reasoning, learning, or decision-making. of the future is ready. That's the obvious first guess. But it's also a highly misleading one. That's the real path to fireworks display exploding right before your eyes.
We should not succumb to the temptation of simplicity. Let us focus on the scientific aspect for a moment.
Parts of the scientific literature regard Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. as a A use case is a description of how a user interacts with a system to achieve a specific goal..
The use of quantum computing for machine learning is among the most exciting prospective applications of quantum technologies.
Accordingly, it aims to improve speed and efficiency compared to conventional methods.
Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is an emerging discipline that makes use of the properties of quantum physics to solve challenges relating to machine learning and artificial intelligence.
Research in this area focuses on specific applications that benefit from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. , thereby emphasizing Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. as an application-oriented field within Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. .
If Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. is viewed merely as an use case of Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. , it is placed on the same level as tasks such as the factorization of numbers..
This is like describing rocket science as just a specific way of burning fuel. Technically speaking, the statement is not incorrect. But it does not do credit to the idea, either. And that may turn out to be a misjudgment.
This perspective frames Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. as an engineering task. Don't get me wrong! Engineering is indispensable: it deals with specific cases of known problem classes and requires precision, optimization, and practical ingenuity. I rely heavily on this perspective. But Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. is more than that.
So if Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. is not just a Q before NN and not just another use case on the list of quantum applications, what is it?
Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. is a distinct field of research. The study of how Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. and Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. can be combined in ways that deliver results that would otherwise be impossible. While this seems almost similar to the perspective of Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. as an engineering task, research adds another dimension.
It is not only about solving specific use cases, but also about identifying or creating new classes of problems whose solution is worthwhile. So, our goal is not just to solve problems that we cannot yet solve. Rather, our goal is to better understand the problems we solve.
And this different view has a number of significant consequences. Firstly, the fact that this is an active area of research does not mean that we have a roadmap for guaranteed success. Quite the contrary: Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. is still in the rocket phase of the .
The principles are clear. We understand the physics—at least the geniuses among us do. We understand the mathematics of quantum states. And we know how to derive rules from data.
Figure 2. The field of rocket science is paved with setbacks
But the technology itself is still unsolved. We don't yet know how to build an engine that won't explode on the launch pad. We don't yet know how to construct a Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. model that truly outperforms its classical counterparts.
And it is precisely this uncertainty that makes the field so valuable. If the answers were already known, the potential would already have been exhausted. It is the open problems that create opportunities, and it is the unknowns that give this field its future prospects.
Second, the fact that Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. is an active area of research underscores the special skills required to contribute to it. These are skills that may not be obvious at first glance. Rocket scientists did not invent combustion; they had to learn how to use it. They did not need to fully understand the underlying chemical reaction, but they did need to know how to shape combustion chambers, route exhaust gases, and prevent the system from tearing itself apart.
Similarly, Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. researchers don't need to master the details of Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics that describes the behavior of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic scales., but we do need to understand its implications and know how to deal with them. This requires two crucial qualities: the ability to deal with uncertainty and the recognition that iterative learning is essential. Uncertainty is fundamental to Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. . And prototyping, failure, and refinement are core elements of Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. . The hype may portray Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. as a sudden breakthrough, similar to the dawn of the space age, but the reality is more like working in a noisy test bed.
What It Takes To Become A Quantum Machine Learning Researcher
Things you need to learn... and things you don't.
You don't need to master everything inside quantum computing and machine learning. But there are a few things you'd better know.
Quantum Machine Learning is the field of research that combines principles from Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. with traditional Machine Learning is an approach on solving problems by deriving the rules from data instead of explicitly programming. to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical approaches. is not a buzzword. And it is not just another use case of Quantum Computing is a different kind of computation that builds upon the phenomena of Quantum Mechanics. , either. But it is also not a shortcut to superintelligence. It is a field of active research defined less by answers than by unresolved tensions.
And here's the uncomfortable truth: simply plugging in a quantum processor won't make your models faster, smarter, or more powerful. If anything, the naive attempt to treat quantum hardware as just another GPU is the fastest way to guarantee failure.
The real challenge lies deeper. Can two paradigms that have developed from fundamentally different perspectives on information—Probabilistic Pattern Recognition is the classification of patterns based on probability models, where decisions are made by estimating class-conditional probabilities and applying Bayes' rule. on the one hand and Unitary evolution is the reversible, deterministic time evolution of a quantum system governed by a unitary operator. on the other—actually be brought together into a coherent framework?
This is where most explanations end. But if we want to distinguish fireworks from real rocket science, we have to face this question.
